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</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary">Threading Building Blocks</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a></td></tr><tr style="display: none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Stable release</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="margin:0px;">2021.8

/ February 17, 2023<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2023-02-17</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2">

</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Repository_(version_control)" title="Repository (version control)">Repository</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">

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</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/oneapi-src/oneTBB">github<wbr>.com<wbr>/oneapi-src<wbr>/oneTBB</a></span> </li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Written in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating system</a></th><td class="infobox-data">FreeBSD, Linux, Solaris, macOS, Windows, Android</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_categories#Categorization_approaches" title="Software categories">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Library_(computing)" title="Library (computing)">library</a> or <a href="Software_framework" title="Software framework">framework</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data">dual: commercial / open source (<a href="Apache_2.0" class="mw-redirect" title="Apache 2.0">Apache 2.0</a>), plus Freeware<sup id="cite_ref-freelib_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-freelib-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/oneapi-src/oneTBB">github<wbr>.com<wbr>/oneapi-src<wbr>/oneTBB</a></span><br><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://intel.com/oneTBB">intel<wbr>.com<wbr>/oneTBB</a></span><br></td></tr></tbody></table>

<p><a href="OneAPI_(compute_acceleration)" title="OneAPI (compute acceleration)">oneAPI</a> <b>Threading Building Blocks</b> (oneTBB; formerly Threading Building Blocks or TBB) is a <a href="C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a> <a href="Template_(C%2B%2B)" title="Template (C++)">template</a> <a href="Library_(computer_science)" class="mw-redirect" title="Library (computer science)">library</a> developed by <a href="Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a> for <a href="Parallel_programming" class="mw-redirect" title="Parallel programming">parallel programming</a> on <a href="Multi-core_processor" title="Multi-core processor">multi-core processors</a>. Using TBB, a computation is broken down into <a href="Task_parallelism" title="Task parallelism">tasks</a> that can run in parallel. The library manages and <a href="Scheduling_(computing)" title="Scheduling (computing)">schedules</a> <a href="Thread_(computing)" title="Thread (computing)">threads</a> to execute these tasks.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2></div>

<p>A oneTBB program creates, synchronizes, and destroys graphs of dependent tasks according to <i>algorithms</i>, i.e. high-level parallel programming paradigms (a.k.a. <a href="Algorithmic_Skeletons" class="mw-redirect" title="Algorithmic Skeletons">Algorithmic Skeletons</a>). Tasks are then executed respecting graph dependencies. This approach groups TBB in a family of techniques for parallel programming aiming to decouple the programming from the particulars of the underlying machine.

</p><p>oneTBB implements <a href="Work_stealing" title="Work stealing">work stealing</a> to balance a parallel workload across available processing cores in order to increase core utilization and therefore scaling. Initially, the workload is evenly divided among the available processor cores. If one core completes its work while other cores still have a significant amount of work in their queue, oneTBB reassigns some of the work from one of the busy cores to the idle core. This dynamic capability decouples the programmer from the machine, allowing applications written using the library to scale to utilize the available processing cores with no changes to the source code or the executable program file. In a 2008 assessment of the work stealing implementation in TBB, researchers from <a href="Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a> found that it was suboptimal for large numbers of processors cores, causing up to 47% of computing time spent in scheduling overhead when running certain benchmarks on a 32-core system.<sup id="cite_ref-contreras_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-contreras-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>oneTBB, like the <a href="Standard_Template_Library" title="Standard Template Library">STL</a> (and the part of the C++ standard library based on it), uses templates extensively. This has the advantage of low-overhead <a href="Polymorphism_in_object-oriented_programming" class="mw-redirect" title="Polymorphism in object-oriented programming">polymorphism</a>, since templates are a compile-time construct which modern C++ <a href="Compiler" title="Compiler">compilers</a> can largely optimize away.

</p><p>oneTBB is available commercially as a binary distribution with support,<sup id="cite_ref-TBB.com_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TBB.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and as <a href="Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">open-source software</a> in both source and binary forms.

</p><p>oneTBB does not provide guarantees of <a href="Indeterminacy_in_concurrent_computation" title="Indeterminacy in concurrent computation">determinism</a> or freedom from <a href="Data_race" class="mw-redirect" title="Data race">data races</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Library_contents">Library contents</h2></div>

<p>oneTBB is a collection of components for parallel programming:

</p>

<ul><li>Basic algorithms: <code>parallel_for</code>, <code>parallel_reduce</code>, <code>parallel_scan</code></li>

<li>Advanced algorithms: <code>parallel_pipeline</code>, <code>parallel_sort</code></li>

<li><a href="Container_(data_structure)" class="mw-redirect" title="Container (data structure)">Containers</a>: <code>concurrent_queue</code>, <code>concurrent_priority_queue</code>, <code>concurrent_vector</code>, <code>concurrent_hash_map</code>, <code>concurrent_unordered_map</code>, <code>concurrent_unordered_set</code>, <code>concurrent_map</code>, <code>concurrent_set</code></li>

<li>Memory allocation: <code>scalable_malloc</code>, <code>scalable_free</code>, <code>scalable_realloc</code>, <code>scalable_calloc</code>, <code>scalable_allocator</code>, <code>cache_aligned_allocator</code></li>

<li><a href="Mutual_exclusion" title="Mutual exclusion">Mutual exclusion</a>: <code>mutex</code>, <code>spin_mutex</code>, <code>queuing_mutex</code>, <code>spin_rw_mutex</code>, <code>queuing_rw_mutex</code>, <code>recursive_mutex</code></li>

<li>Timing: portable fine grained global time stamp</li>

<li>Task scheduler: direct access to control the creation and activation of tasks</li></ul>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://software.intel.com/content/www/us/en/develop/tools/oneapi/base-toolkit.html">Intel oneAPI Base Toolkit</a></li>

<li>Intel <a href="Integrated_Performance_Primitives" title="Integrated Performance Primitives">Integrated Performance Primitives</a> (IPP)</li>

<li>Intel oneAPI <a href="Data_Analytics_Library" title="Data Analytics Library">Data Analytics Library</a> (oneDAL)</li>

<li>Intel oneAPI <a href="Math_Kernel_Library" title="Math Kernel Library">Math Kernel Library</a> (oneMKL)</li>

<li>Intel Cryptography Primitives Library</li>

<li><a href="Intel_Parallel_Advisor" class="mw-redirect" title="Intel Parallel Advisor">Intel Advisor</a></li>

<li><a href="Intel_Parallel_Inspector" class="mw-redirect" title="Intel Parallel Inspector">Intel Inspector</a></li>

<li><a href="Intel_VTune_Amplifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Intel VTune Amplifier">Intel VTune Profiler</a></li>

<li><a href="Intel_Concurrent_Collections" class="mw-redirect" title="Intel Concurrent Collections">Intel Concurrent Collections</a> (CnC)</li>

<li><a href="Algorithmic_skeleton" title="Algorithmic skeleton">Algorithmic skeleton</a></li>

<li><a href="Parallel_computing" title="Parallel computing">Parallel computing</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_C%2B%2B_multi-threading_libraries" title="List of C++ multi-threading libraries">List of C++ multi-threading libraries</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_C%2B%2B_template_libraries" title="List of C++ template libraries">List of C++ template libraries</a></li>

<li><a href="Parallel_Patterns_Library" title="Parallel Patterns Library">Parallel Patterns Library</a></li>

<li><a href="Grand_Central_Dispatch" title="Grand Central Dispatch">Grand Central Dispatch</a> (GCD)</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thoughtworks.com/insights/books/building-evolutionary-architectures">Software Architecture Building Blocks</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/oneapi-src/oneTBB/releases">"oneAPI Threading Building Blocks Github Releases"</a>. <i><a href="GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a></i>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-freelib-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-freelib_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://software.intel.com/en-us/free_tools_and_libraries">"No Cost Options for Intel Support yourself, Royalty-Free"</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-contreras-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-contreras_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFContrerasMartonosi2008" class="citation conference cs1">Contreras, Gilberto; Martonosi, Margaret (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iiswc.org/iiswc2008/Papers/006.pdf"><i>Characterizing and improving the performance of Intel Threading Building Blocks</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. IEEE Int'l Symp. on Workload Characterization.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-TBB.com-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TBB.com_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://software.intel.com/en-us/intel-tbb">https://software.intel.com/en-us/intel-tbb</a> Intel Threading Building Blocks Commercial Version Homepage</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBocchino_Jr.AdveAdveSnir2009" class="citation conference cs1">Bocchino Jr., Robert L.; Adve, Vikram S.; Adve, Sarita V.; Snir, Marc (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usenix.org/legacy/event/hotpar09/tech/full_papers/bocchino/bocchino_html/"><i>Parallel Programming Must Be Deterministic by Default</i></a>. <a href="USENIX" title="USENIX">USENIX</a> Workshop on Hot Topics in Parallelism.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFVossAsenjoReinders2019" class="citation cs2">Voss, Michael; Asenjo, Rafael; Reinders, James (2019), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oapen.org/download/?type=document&docid=1007323"><i>Pro TBB</i></a>, Apress, <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-1-4842-4398-5">10.1007/978-1-4842-4398-5</a></span>, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-4842-4397-8</bdi>, <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:195847637">195847637</a></cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFReinders2007" class="citation cs2">Reinders, James (July 2007), <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/intelthreadingbu0000rein"><i>Intel Threading Building Blocks: Outfitting C++ for Multi-core Processor Parallelism</i></a></span> (Paperback ed.), Sebastopol: O'Reilly Media, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-596-51480-8</bdi></cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFVoss2006" class="citation cs2">Voss, M. (October 2006), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120205044110/http://www.devx.com/cplus/Article/32935"><i>Demystify Scalable Parallelism with Intel Threading Building Blocks' Generic Parallel Algorithms</i></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.devx.com/cplus/Article/32935">the original</a> on 2012-02-05<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-06-06</span></span></cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFVoss2006" class="citation cs2">Voss, M. (December 2006), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120205044133/http://www.devx.com/cplus/Article/33334"><i>Enable Safe, Scalable Parallelism with Intel Threading Building Blocks' Concurrent Containers</i></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.devx.com/cplus/Article/33334">the original</a> on 2012-02-05<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-06-06</span></span></cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFHudsonSahaAdl-TabatabaiHertzberg2006" class="citation cs2">Hudson, Richard L.; Saha, Bratin; Adl-Tabatabai, Ali-Reza; Hertzberg, Benjamin C. (2006), "McRT-Malloc", <i>Proceedings of the 2006 international symposium on Memory management - ISMM '06</i>, pp. <span class="nowrap">74–</span>83, <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F1133956.1133967">10.1145/1133956.1133967</a>, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1595932211</bdi>, <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:9120368">9120368</a></cite></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://spec.oneapi.io/versions/latest/elements/oneTBB/source/nested-index.html">oneTBB Industry Specification</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/oneapi-src/oneTBB">oneTBB</a> on <a href="GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a></li>

<li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://intel.com/oneTBB">Official website</a></span></span> at Intel</li></ul>

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</style><div id="Intel_software236" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a> software</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Items <i>in italics</i> are no longer maintained or have planned end-of-life dates.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Development</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Intel_Parallel_Studio" title="Intel Parallel Studio">Parallel Studio</a></li>

<li><a href="Intel_C%2B%2B_Compiler" title="Intel C++ Compiler">C++ Compiler</a></li>

<li><a href="Intel_Fortran_Compiler" title="Intel Fortran Compiler">Fortran Compiler</a></li>

<li><a href="Intel_Advisor" title="Intel Advisor">Advisor</a></li>

<li><a href="Intel_Inspector" title="Intel Inspector">Inspector</a></li>

<li><i><a href="INTERP/80" class="mw-redirect" title="INTERP/80">INTERP/80</a></i></li>

<li><a href="VTune" title="VTune">VTune</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Data_Analytics_Library" title="Data Analytics Library">Data Analytics Library</a> (DAL)</li>

<li><a href="Integrated_Performance_Primitives" title="Integrated Performance Primitives">Integrated Performance Primitives</a> (IPP)</li>

<li><a href="Math_Kernel_Library" title="Math Kernel Library">Math Kernel Library</a> (MKL)</li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Open source</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Data_Analytics_Library" title="Data Analytics Library">Data Analytics Library</a> (DAL)</li>

<li><a href="Tizen" title="Tizen">Tizen</a></li>

<li><a href="OpenVINO" title="OpenVINO">OpenVINO</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Software programs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Havok_(company)" title="Havok (company)">Telekinesys Research</a><sup>1</sup>

<ul><li><a href="Havok_(software)" title="Havok (software)">Havok</a><sup>1</sup></li>

<li><a href="Vision_(game_engine)" title="Vision (game engine)">Vision</a><sup>1</sup></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Intel_Developer_Zone" title="Intel Developer Zone">Developer Zone</a></li>

<li><a href="Intel_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="Intel Research">Research</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><span style="font-size: 85%;"><sup>1</sup><i>Sold to <a href="Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a></i></span></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Parallel_computing346" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Parallel_computing346" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Parallel_computing" title="Parallel computing">Parallel computing</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Distributed_computing" title="Distributed computing">Distributed computing</a></li>

<li><a href="Parallel_computing" title="Parallel computing">Parallel computing</a></li>

<li><a href="Parallel_algorithm" title="Parallel algorithm">Parallel algorithm</a></li>

<li><a href="Massively_parallel" title="Massively parallel">Massively parallel</a></li>

<li><a href="Cloud_computing" title="Cloud computing">Cloud computing</a></li>

<li><a href="High-performance_computing" title="High-performance computing">High-performance computing</a></li>

<li><a href="Multiprocessing" title="Multiprocessing">Multiprocessing</a></li>

<li><a href="Manycore_processor" title="Manycore processor">Manycore processor</a></li>

<li><a href="General-purpose_computing_on_graphics_processing_units" title="General-purpose computing on graphics processing units">GPGPU</a></li>

<li><a href="Computer_network" title="Computer network">Computer network</a></li>

<li><a href="Systolic_array" title="Systolic array">Systolic array</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Levels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Instruction-level_parallelism" title="Instruction-level parallelism">Instruction</a></li>

<li><a href="Task_parallelism" title="Task parallelism">Thread</a></li>

<li><a href="Memory-level_parallelism" title="Memory-level parallelism">Memory</a></li>

<li><a href="Pipeline_(computing)" title="Pipeline (computing)">Pipeline</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Multithreading_(computer_architecture)" title="Multithreading (computer architecture)">Multithreading</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Temporal_multithreading" title="Temporal multithreading">Temporal</a></li>

<li><a href="Simultaneous_multithreading" title="Simultaneous multithreading">Simultaneous</a> (SMT)</li>

<li><a href="Simultaneous_and_heterogeneous_multithreading" title="Simultaneous and heterogeneous multithreading">Simultaneous and heterogenous</a></li>

<li><a href="Speculative_multithreading" title="Speculative multithreading">Speculative</a> (SpMT)</li>

<li><a href="Preemption_(computing)" title="Preemption (computing)">Preemptive</a></li>

<li><a href="Computer_multitasking#Cooperative_multitasking" title="Computer multitasking">Cooperative</a></li>

<li><a href="Bulldozer_(microarchitecture)#Bulldozer_core" title="Bulldozer (microarchitecture)">Clustered multi-thread</a> (CMT)</li>

<li><a href="Hardware_scout" title="Hardware scout">Hardware scout</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theory</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Parallel_RAM" title="Parallel RAM">PRAM model</a></li>

<li><a href="Parallel_external_memory" title="Parallel external memory">PEM model</a></li>

<li><a href="Analysis_of_parallel_algorithms" title="Analysis of parallel algorithms">Analysis of parallel algorithms</a></li>

<li><a href="Amdahl's_law" title="Amdahl's law">Amdahl's law</a></li>

<li><a href="Gustafson's_law" title="Gustafson's law">Gustafson's law</a></li>

<li><a href="Cost_efficiency" title="Cost efficiency">Cost efficiency</a></li>

<li><a href="Karp%E2%80%93Flatt_metric" title="Karp–Flatt metric">Karp–Flatt metric</a></li>

<li><a href="Parallel_slowdown" title="Parallel slowdown">Slowdown</a></li>

<li><a href="Speedup" title="Speedup">Speedup</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Process_(computing)" title="Process (computing)">Process</a></li>

<li><a href="Thread_(computing)" title="Thread (computing)">Thread</a></li>

<li><a href="Fiber_(computer_science)" title="Fiber (computer science)">Fiber</a></li>

<li><a href="Instruction_window" title="Instruction window">Instruction window</a></li>

<li><a href="Array_(data_structure)" title="Array (data structure)">Array</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Coordination</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Multiprocessing" title="Multiprocessing">Multiprocessing</a></li>

<li><a href="Memory_coherence" title="Memory coherence">Memory coherence</a></li>

<li><a href="Cache_coherence" title="Cache coherence">Cache coherence</a></li>

<li><a href="Cache_invalidation" title="Cache invalidation">Cache invalidation</a></li>

<li><a href="Barrier_(computer_science)" title="Barrier (computer science)">Barrier</a></li>

<li><a href="Synchronization_(computer_science)" title="Synchronization (computer science)">Synchronization</a></li>

<li><a href="Application_checkpointing" title="Application checkpointing">Application checkpointing</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Computer_programming" title="Computer programming">Programming</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Stream_processing" title="Stream processing">Stream processing</a></li>

<li><a href="Dataflow_programming" title="Dataflow programming">Dataflow programming</a></li>

<li><a href="Parallel_programming_model" title="Parallel programming model">Models</a>

<ul><li><a href="Implicit_parallelism" title="Implicit parallelism">Implicit parallelism</a></li>

<li><a href="Explicit_parallelism" title="Explicit parallelism">Explicit parallelism</a></li>

<li><a href="Concurrency_(computer_science)" title="Concurrency (computer science)">Concurrency</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Non-blocking_algorithm" title="Non-blocking algorithm">Non-blocking algorithm</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Computer_hardware" title="Computer hardware">Hardware</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Flynn's_taxonomy" title="Flynn's taxonomy">Flynn's taxonomy</a>

<ul><li><a href="Single_instruction%2C_multiple_threads" title="Single instruction, multiple threads">Array processing</a> (SIMT)</li>

<li><a href="Flynn's_taxonomy#Pipelined_processor" title="Flynn's taxonomy">Pipelined processing</a></li>

<li><a href="Flynn's_taxonomy#Associative_processor" title="Flynn's taxonomy">Associative processing</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Dataflow_architecture" title="Dataflow architecture">Dataflow architecture</a></li>

<li><a href="Instruction_pipelining" title="Instruction pipelining">Pipelined processor</a></li>

<li><a href="Superscalar_processor" title="Superscalar processor">Superscalar processor</a></li>

<li><a href="Vector_processor" title="Vector processor">Vector processor</a></li>

<li><a href="Multiprocessing" title="Multiprocessing">Multiprocessor</a>

<ul><li><a href="Symmetric_multiprocessing" title="Symmetric multiprocessing">symmetric</a></li>

<li><a href="Asymmetric_multiprocessing" title="Asymmetric multiprocessing">asymmetric</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Semiconductor_memory" title="Semiconductor memory">Memory</a>

<ul><li><a href="Shared_memory" title="Shared memory">shared</a></li>

<li><a href="Distributed_memory" title="Distributed memory">distributed</a></li>

<li><a href="Distributed_shared_memory" title="Distributed shared memory">distributed shared</a></li>

<li><a href="Massively_parallel" title="Massively parallel">Massively parallel</a> computer</li>

<li><a href="Computer_cluster" title="Computer cluster">Computer cluster</a>

<ul><li><a href="Beowulf_cluster" title="Beowulf cluster">Beowulf cluster</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Grid_computing" title="Grid computing">Grid computer</a></li>

<li><a href="Hardware_acceleration" title="Hardware acceleration">Hardware acceleration</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="API" title="API">APIs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Ateji_PX" title="Ateji PX">Ateji PX</a></li>

<li><a href="Boost_(C%2B%2B_libraries)" title="Boost (C++ libraries)">Boost</a></li>

<li><a href="Chapel_(programming_language)" title="Chapel (programming language)">Chapel</a></li>

<li><a href="Charm%2B%2B" title="Charm++">Charm++</a></li>

<li><a href="Coarray_Fortran" title="Coarray Fortran">Coarray Fortran</a></li>

<li><a href="Dryad_(programming)" title="Dryad (programming)">Dryad</a></li>

<li><a href="Global_Arrays" title="Global Arrays">Global Arrays</a></li>

<li><a href="GPUOpen" title="GPUOpen">GPUOpen</a></li>

<li><a href="OpenMP" title="OpenMP">OpenMP</a></li>

<li><a href="OpenCL" title="OpenCL">OpenCL</a></li>

<li><a href="OpenHMPP" title="OpenHMPP">OpenHMPP</a></li>

<li><a href="OpenACC" title="OpenACC">OpenACC</a></li>

<li><a href="Parallel_Extensions" title="Parallel Extensions">Parallel Extensions</a></li>

<li><a href="Pthreads" title="Pthreads">pthreads</a></li>

<li><a href="RaftLib" title="RaftLib">RaftLib</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Problems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Automatic_parallelization" title="Automatic parallelization">Automatic parallelization</a></li>

<li><a href="Deadlock_(computer_science)" title="Deadlock (computer science)">Deadlock</a></li>

<li><a href="Deterministic_algorithm" title="Deterministic algorithm">Deterministic algorithm</a></li>

<li><a href="Embarrassingly_parallel" title="Embarrassingly parallel">Embarrassingly parallel</a></li>

<li><a href="Parallel_slowdown" title="Parallel slowdown">Parallel slowdown</a></li>

<li><a href="Race_condition" title="Race condition">Race condition</a></li>

<li><a href="Software_lockout" title="Software lockout">Software lockout</a></li>

<li><a href="Scalability" title="Scalability">Scalability</a></li>

<li><a href="Starvation_(computer_science)" title="Starvation (computer science)">Starvation</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> Category: Parallel computing</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-05-21" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Threading_Building_Blocks&oldid=1291436067">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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